Funny, I was just pursuing this issue...
The Dayton AX24 belt measures (according to Grainger...) 5/16" deep, or .3125" inches. I just received a Goodyear AX24 in the mail today, saw this thread, and measured the depth with a set of calipers; it measured between .335" and .340" on ten different tooth samples. My guess is that the Goodyear belt is a bit thicker in the depth dimension. On the thinner samples, it was .020" inches (roughly .5mm), which could be just enough of a difference to rub.
Aside from getting the Daytona belt, the next easiest fix might be to clearance the casing a bit with a file or rotary tool. Here's what I found when I looked at the pulley...
The driven clutch on the SB50P is slightly different than the Spree. Both bikes are fixed gear, but the driven clutches and pulleys are different. I pulled out both units ( I had recently rebuilt an '85 Spree and a '90 Elite E driven clutch) and did a quick "stare and compare" on them. The ramp angles on the SB50P are sharper at the periphery and the compressed pulley is about .015" thinner than the Spree pulley. Don't know how true each of my pulleys are, but I'd consider that to be a possible reason for "belt rides high".
The pulleys wont work like a typical CVT driven clutch. While similar in construction, both of these units use a very stiff spring to prevent the pulley halves from spreading under acceleration loads from the belt. On the SB50, it has a toothed plate that passes though both pulley halves in order to keep them from slipping in relation to one another or pulling apart.
It might be possible to dismantle the driven clutch and insert a few thin shims between the pulley halves, but I don't know if this would cause the belt to ride too loosely. If you wish to experiment, there's a Piaggio tool for moped clutches that works pretty well for assembling and disassembling single-speed Elites and Sprees:
https://www.treatland.tv/olympia-vespa- ... puller.htm
I'll look into this further once I get engine bits back from the machine shop. I was looking at the AX24 mod too as part of an attempt to squeeze a bit more speed out of an SB50P without kitting; it's not my bike and it has to be reliable enough for a new rider and capable of touching 35mph.