Scooter math and the truth about top speed
Posted: Fri Jun 16, 2006 10:50 am
I recently got the Spree bug and just found your site today. I can't wait to apply some tricks to get more speed out of mine. However, many of you keep using speed as a comparison. As an Engineer with some vehicle design background, I thought maybe I could shed some light on this.
The only true way to know how much power a performance mod has made is to use a dyno, but this is not practical here. The most convenient comparison for these scooters is speed, even though we are using a low precision speedo to observe this. Many things affect top speed. Most significant here is weight, rolling resistance, and frontal area. Weight is a factor because the ratio of the rider to machine is so much higher than it is on a car for example. However, this will most affect acceleration, as force=mass x acceleration. If you re-arrange this formula, you get force/mass=acceleration. Therefore, the greater the mass, the less acceleration.
But we're not talking acceleration, we're talking top speed, and the effect of weight is lessened by the efficiency of ball bearings in the wheels. But the efficiency of ball bearings is countered by the rolling resistance of the tires. As tire pressure goes down or as rider weight goes up, the effective radius of the tire goes down, and speed goes down. You also use energy to produce heat when the tire is more flat. That's why tire pressure is going to be significant to achieve the highest top speed. Hybrid and especially electric cars have special tires that use higher air pressure and a harder rubber compound because they are looking for the lowest rolling resistance to achieve the best mpg. So within reason, add more air pressure to those tires!
Probably the most significant factor in top speed is frontal area, as this variable affects top speed exponentially. Granted, at 30+ mph the exponential effect is lessened, but try crouching down as close to the handle bars as you can and your speed will go up. It looks pretty silly, but it depends on how bad you want it!
That being said, to say a mod gets you 38 mph is not very accurate. Rather to say a mod gets you +2 mph is more going to reflect what it will do for someone else. The most accurate would be to turn it into a percentage that everyone else would apply to their top speed, but that's just an Engineer being nit-picky and anal.
The only true way to know how much power a performance mod has made is to use a dyno, but this is not practical here. The most convenient comparison for these scooters is speed, even though we are using a low precision speedo to observe this. Many things affect top speed. Most significant here is weight, rolling resistance, and frontal area. Weight is a factor because the ratio of the rider to machine is so much higher than it is on a car for example. However, this will most affect acceleration, as force=mass x acceleration. If you re-arrange this formula, you get force/mass=acceleration. Therefore, the greater the mass, the less acceleration.
But we're not talking acceleration, we're talking top speed, and the effect of weight is lessened by the efficiency of ball bearings in the wheels. But the efficiency of ball bearings is countered by the rolling resistance of the tires. As tire pressure goes down or as rider weight goes up, the effective radius of the tire goes down, and speed goes down. You also use energy to produce heat when the tire is more flat. That's why tire pressure is going to be significant to achieve the highest top speed. Hybrid and especially electric cars have special tires that use higher air pressure and a harder rubber compound because they are looking for the lowest rolling resistance to achieve the best mpg. So within reason, add more air pressure to those tires!
Probably the most significant factor in top speed is frontal area, as this variable affects top speed exponentially. Granted, at 30+ mph the exponential effect is lessened, but try crouching down as close to the handle bars as you can and your speed will go up. It looks pretty silly, but it depends on how bad you want it!
That being said, to say a mod gets you 38 mph is not very accurate. Rather to say a mod gets you +2 mph is more going to reflect what it will do for someone else. The most accurate would be to turn it into a percentage that everyone else would apply to their top speed, but that's just an Engineer being nit-picky and anal.